Secular models and Kozai resonance for planets in coorbital non-coplanar motion

In this work, we construct and test an analytical and a semianalytical secular models for two planets locked in a coorbital non-coplanar motion, comparing some results with the case of restricted three body problem. The analytical average model replicates the numerical N-body integrations, even for moderate eccentricities ($\lesssim$ 0.3) and inclinations ($\lesssim10^\circ$), except for the regions corresponding to quasi-satellite and Lidov-Kozai configurations. Furthermore, this model is also useful in the restricted three body problem, assuming very low mass ratio between the planets. We also describe a four-degree-of-freedom semianalytical model valid for any type of coorbital configuration in a wide range of eccentricities and inclinations. {Using a N-body integrator, we have found that the phase space of the General Three Body Problem is different to the restricted case for inclined systems, and establish the location of the Lidov-Kozai equilibrium configurations depending on mass ratio. We study the stability of periodic orbits in the inclined systems, and find that apart from the robust configurations $L_4$, $AL_4$, and $QS$ is possible to harbour two Earth-like planets in orbits previously identified as unstable $U$ and also in Euler $L_3$ configurations, with bounded chaos.Comment: 15 pages. 20 figure

MAMA: An Algebraic Map for the Secular Dynamics of Planetesimals in Tight Binary Systems

We present an algebraic map (MAMA) for the dynamical and collisional evolution of a planetesimal swarm orbiting the main star of a tight binary system (TBS). The orbital evolution of each planetesimal is dictated by the secular perturbations of the secondary star and gas drag due to interactions with a protoplanetary disk. The gas disk is assumed eccentric with a constant precession rate. Gravitational interactions between the planetesimals are ignored. All bodies are assumed coplanar. A comparison with full N-body simulations shows that the map is of the order of 100 times faster, while preserving all the main characteristics of the full system. In a second part of the work, we apply MAMA to the \gamma-Cephei, searching for friendly scenarios that may explain the formation of the giant planet detected in this system. For low-mass protoplanetary disks, we find that a low-eccentricity static disk aligned with the binary yields impact velocities between planetesimals below the disruption threshold. All other scenarios appear hostile to planetary formation

The Economic Value of A Passport: A Model of Citizenship and the Social Dividend in a Global Economy -

In a world of fully mobile capital and highly immobile labour, citizenship is effectively an entitlement to the 'dividend' arising from the social infrastructure accumulated in a particular country of birth. The paper opens with the reasons why the passport (ie citizenship) can in consequence be considered as an economic asset with a value that can in principle be determined analytically. A simple endogenous growth model is set up which defines the level and growth of per capita income in a world economy where capital is fully mobile and labour is fully immobile, and where governments set a rate of taxation such as to achieve the optimal balance between the stocks of private capital and social infrastructure. The 'passport value' is then defined as the difference between national income net of capital charges, wage costs and taxes when divided equally among the population; and is shown to depend on per capita income, the rate of growth and the parameters of the production function. A preliminary estimate of the main variables in the model, and the scale of expenditure on social infrastructure, for a wide range of countries suggests what the order of magnitude of the 'value of a passport' might be. A brief section on the wider implications of the findings concludes.

Transferring cash benefits through the banking sector in Colombia

This paper reviews the experience in transacting payments through the commercial banking system, to beneficiaries in Colombia's"Familias en Accion"program. The story told will be useful to those trying to solve the operational problem of moving cash, cost-effectively to large numbers of beneficiaries in social assistance, or similar programs. It shows the options considered, their advantages, disadvantages, and costs. Though some of the details may be specific to the country, and program, the approach to the analysis is broadly applicable.Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,Financial Intermediation,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Health Monitoring&Evaluation

Algebra of chiral currents on the physical surface

Using a particular structure for the Lagrangian action in a one-dimensional Thirring model and performing the Dirac's procedure, we are able to obtain the algebra for chiral currents which is entirely defied on the constraint surface in the corresponding hamiltonian description of the theory.Comment: 10 page

The underpotential deposition that should not be : Cu(1x1) on Au(111)

Peer reviewedPostprin

¿Las capacidades psicosociales de mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja explican su impacto psicosocial?. Cuatro modelos predictivos

47 p.El objetivo de esta investigación es explicar el impacto psicosocial de la violencia perpetrada por la pareja en 166 mujeres usuarias de un programa de atención de la Región del Maule, Chile. Para ello, se elabora un indicador de capacidades psicosociales que sintetiza los niveles de autoestima, decisión, autonomía y aislamiento, y se diseñan dos modelos estructurales, CB-SEM y PLS-SEM, que explican las capacidades psicosociales y el riesgo observado, para posteriormente integrarlos en un modelo de impacto psicosocial, como variable latente explicada por las capacidades psicosociales. El modelo obtuvo un ajuste adecuado (CMIN/DF=1.113; RMSEA=.026; NFI=.958; CFI=.995; PNFI=.445; SMC=.354) y muestra que el impacto psicosocial es explicado en un 35% por las capacidades psicosociales. Estos resultados concuerdan con hallazgos anteriores, se discute la pertinencia de incorporar variables de salud mental para futuras investigaciones y se plantea la necesidad de incorporar el impacto psicosocial, como concepto unificador de los múltiples efectos de la violencia. Finalmente, se entrega una escala de medición de capacidades psicosociales e impacto psicosocial. Palabras clave: violencia de pareja, capacidades psicosociales, impacto psicosocial, análisis factorial, modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, mínimos cuadrados parciales./ABSTRACT:The objective of this research is to explain the psychosocial impact by the intimate partner violence in 166 women who are part of a care program from the Maule Region. As previously stated, an indicator is elaborated based on psychosocial skills that synthesizes self-esteem, decision, autonomy and isolation, then two structural models, CB-SEM and PLS-SEM, are created which explain the psychosocial skills and the observed risk, to be subsequently integrated into a model of psychosocial impact as latent variable explained by the psychosocial skills. The model obtain an adequate adjust (CMIN/DF=1.113; RMSEA=.026; NFI=.958; CFI=.995; PNFI=.445; SMC=.354) and it shows that the psychosocial impact is explained in a 35% by the psychosocial skills. These results are consistent with previous findings, discussing the relevance of incorporating mental health variables for future research, and proposes the requirement of integrating the psychosocial impact as a unifying concept of the multiple effects from the violence. Finally, a measuring scale of psychosocial skills and psychosocial impact is delivered. Keywords: intimate partner violence, psychosocial skills, psychosocial impact, factor analysis, structural equation models, partial least square

Use of Urinary Pregnanediol 3-glucuronide to Confirm Ovulation

Objective Urinary hormonal markers may assist in increasing the efficacy of Fertility Awareness Based Methods (FABM). This study uses urinary pregnanediol-3a-glucuronide (PDG) testing to more accurately identify the infertile phase of the menstrual cycle in the setting of FABM. Methods Secondary analysis of an observational and simulation study, multicentre, European study. The study includes 107 women and tracks daily first morning urine (FMU), observed the changes in cervical mucus discharge, and ultrasonography to identify the day of ovulation over 326 menstrual cycles. The following three scenarios were tested: (A) use of the daily pregnandiol-3a-glucuronide (PDG) test alone; (B) use of the PDG test after the first positive urine luteinizing hormone (LH) kit result; (C) use of the PDG test after the disappearance of fertile type mucus. Two models were used: (1) one day of PDG positivity; or (2) waiting for three days of PDG positivity before declaring infertility. Results After the first positivity of a LH test or the end of fertile mucus, three consecutive days of PDG testing over a threshold of 5 μg/mL resulted in a 100% specificity for ovulation confirmation. They were respectively associated an identification of an average of 6.1 and 7.6 recognized infertile days. Conclusions The results demonstrate a clinical scenario with 100% specificity for ovulation confirmation and provide the theoretical background for a future development of a competitive lateral flow assay for the detection of PDG in the urine